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Foundation level · Financial Accounting

Financial Accounting · 2021

Every objective and theory question in this paper, and the topic notes to revise each one.

28 questions18 objective10 theory36 topics to revise
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, Pathfinder, 2021

May 2021 diet

10 objective and 5 theory
10 objective5 theory68 theory marks set
No.SectionMarksCovers
Q114From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain seven concepts at 2 marks each: going concern, consistency of present...
Q210From the previous syllabus. From a summary of a company’s cash book, asks for the adjustments required in the cash bo...
Q320From the previous syllabus. Asks for the gain or loss on disposal of plant and an old car (5 marks) and the IAS 16 sc...
Q514From the previous syllabus. Asks for seven advantages of a limited liability company over a sole proprietorship.
Q610From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain five elements of financial statements. Learn the definitions from the...

Objective questions Section A

1
Objective question 1Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks which statement is not correct about the definition of assets.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 1
2
Objective question 2Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks which measure of inventory is acceptable, what IAS 2 deals with, why inventory is written down to net realisable value, whether a change from FIFO to weighted average is a change in estimate, and what IAS 2 does not require to be disclosed.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 2
6
Objective question 6Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Both ask for the effect of a reduction in the allowance for doubtful debts.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 6
10
Objective question 10Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the equation that calculates a sole trader’s profit, and, in the repeated item, the profit when opening capital is ₦225,000, closing capital ₦260,000 and drawings ₦10,000.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 10
11
Objective question 11Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Gives a partnership profit shared in a ratio, and a minimum profit share guaranteed to one partner by the others. Asks for a partner’s share after the guarantee.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 11
14
Objective question 14Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Gives opening and closing inventory, purchases and a profit margin of 5%, and asks for the gross profit.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the sales from a gross margin of 40%, the profit on a sale at a 20% mark-up, and the gross profit from a profit margin of 5%.

  • From the previous syllabus. Question 14 asks for gross profit from opening inventory, closing inventory, purchases and a 5% margin. Question 19 asks which items are deducted from goods available for sale to reach cost of sales.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 14
15
Objective question 15Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks which of four changes are changes in accounting estimates, including a change in useful life, a change in the allowance for doubtful receivables, a move from cost to revaluation and a move from FIFO to weighted average.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 15
17
Objective question 17Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Question 17 of May 2021 asks what is not disclosed when expenses are analysed by nature (gross profit). Question 19 of May 2023 asks for the tax charge from an opening liability, current tax, an under-estimate and tax paid.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 17
18
Objective question 18Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the total dividends paid from issued and paid-up capital of ₦376,000 in shares of 50 kobo, a share premium of ₦234,000 and a dividend of 16 kobo a share.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 18
20
Objective question 20Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Both ask how rent paid in advance and rent received in advance are classified.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 20

Theory questions Written questions

1
Theory question 1Written paper
14 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain seven concepts at 2 marks each: going concern, consistency of presentation, accrual, fair presentation, substance over form, prudence and materiality.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 1
2
Theory question 2Written paper
10 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. From a summary of a company’s cash book, asks for the adjustments required in the cash book (5 marks) and a reconciliation statement starting from an overdrawn statement balance (5 marks). Part (b) belongs to the errors and suspense topics.

  • From the previous syllabus. A suspense balance of ₦5,500,000 and five errors. Asks for journal entries to rectify them.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 2
3
Theory question 3Written paper
20 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the gain or loss on disposal of plant and an old car (5 marks) and the IAS 16 schedule of movement for the year (15 marks). A similar Super Limited question is November 2017 Question 6.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 3
5
Theory question 5Written paper
14 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for seven advantages of a limited liability company over a sole proprietorship.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to outline four uses of source documents in producing financial information.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 5
6
Theory question 6Written paper
10 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain five elements of financial statements. Learn the definitions from the table in this topic. The measurement models in part (a)(ii) belong to the next topic.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to state four models of measurement of the elements of financial statements.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the cost of plastic buckets sold under FIFO, from opening inventory, production costs and fixed overheads absorbed on normal capacity.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May 2021, Question 6

November 2021 diet

8 objective and 5 theory
8 objective5 theory80 theory marks set
No.SectionMarksCovers
Q120From the previous syllabus. A statement overdraft and a cash book credit balance with a list of unpresented cheques a...
Q320From the previous syllabus. A company final accounts question where the directors recommend a transfer of ₦15,000,000...
Q4From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain cash, accrual and break-up bases and to state four limitations of the...
Q520From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain inventories (3 marks), the costs included (8 marks) and excluded (4 m...
Q620From the previous syllabus. Asks for five IAS 16 disclosures (10 marks), then the gain or loss on a car taken in part...

Objective questions Section A

4
Objective question 4Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks where the credit entry appears when vehicles are bought for cash. The same item appears in both diets.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 4
5
Objective question 5Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Question 5 asks what an item credited on the bank statement but not yet recorded in the cash book is. Question 15 asks which item should not be added to or subtracted from the cash book balance to find the adjusted bank balance.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 5
6
Objective question 6Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks which costs are included in or excluded from the cost of inventories under IAS 2, such as selling costs, conversion costs and carriage inwards.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 6
11
Objective question 11Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks what is true of the totals of discount allowed and discount received in a cash book. The same item appears in both diets.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 11
15
Objective question 15Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks the entry when a sole trader takes goods for personal use, the basic features of the single-entry system, and the best description of incomplete records.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks which item should not be added to or subtracted from the cash book balance to find the adjusted bank balance. Value added tax charges is one of the options.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 15
17
Objective question 17Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks what two partnerships combining is called, how goodwill is found from several years of profit, and when goodwill can be valued in a partnership.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 17
18
Objective question 18Section A
  • From the previous syllabus for the first three. Each asks which fundamental accounting concept is complied with when adjustments are made for prepaid and accrued expenses. The answer is the accruals concept.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 18
19
Objective question 19Section A
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the equation that calculates a sole trader’s profit, and, in the repeated item, the profit when opening capital is ₦225,000, closing capital ₦260,000 and drawings ₦10,000.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks which of five items is not a liability. The same item appears in both diets.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 19

Theory questions Written questions

1
Theory question 1Written paper
20 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. A statement overdraft and a cash book credit balance with a list of unpresented cheques and other items. Asks for an adjusted cash book (9 marks), a reconciliation statement (7 marks) and two reasons for regular reconciliation (4 marks). The same question appears in both diets.

  • From the previous syllabus. Company final accounts questions that state that provisions are to be made for directors’ fees of ₦6,000,000 and audit fees of ₦2,500,000. You charge them as expenses and credit a provision or accrued expense.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 1
3
Theory question 3Written paper
20 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. A company final accounts question where the directors recommend a transfer of ₦15,000,000 to general reserves and a 5% dividend on ordinary share capital.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the statement of profit or loss of a limited company from a trial balance and a given gross profit, ignoring taxation, with depreciation, provisions and a recommended transfer to reserves.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for the statement of financial position of a limited company after a transfer of ₦15,000,000 to general reserves and a 5% dividend recommended by the directors, ignoring tax.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 3
4
Theory question 4Written paper
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain cash, accrual and break-up bases and to state four limitations of the cash basis. The same question appears in both diets.

  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain to a business owner how a petty cash book operates. The same question appears in both diets.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 4
5
Theory question 5Written paper
20 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain inventories (3 marks), the costs included (8 marks) and excluded (4 marks), then to calculate the cost of imported and local raw materials and the cost per unit of finished product (5 marks).

  • From the previous syllabus. A partnership shares profit in a ratio after salaries to each partner. Asks for the statement of profit or loss and appropriation, with a new partner admitted during the year on a pro rata time basis, and the partners’ current accounts.

  • From the previous syllabus. A new partner is admitted during the year on stated terms. Asks for the profit or loss and appropriation account for the year, on a pro rata time basis, and the partners’ current accounts.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 5
6
Theory question 6Written paper
20 marks
  • From the previous syllabus. Asks for five IAS 16 disclosures (10 marks), then the gain or loss on a car taken in part-exchange (2 marks) and the motor vehicles, accumulated depreciation and disposal accounts (8 marks). The same question appears in both diets.

The full wording of this question has not been added yet. This summary shows what it tests and where to revise it.
Source: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, November 2021, Question 6
Source and reference. These questions come from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) Pathfinder for the Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, 2021. When you use them, please cite the source, for example: ICAN Pathfinder, Foundation Level Examination, Financial Accounting, May or November 2021. Each question carries its own reference and a button to copy it.