From the previous syllabus. Asks which statement is not correct about the definition of assets.
Financial Accounting · 2021
Every objective and theory question in this paper, and the topic notes to revise each one.
May 2021 diet
10 objective and 5 theory| No. | Section | Marks | Covers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | 14 | From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain seven concepts at 2 marks each: going concern, consistency of present... | |
| Q2 | 10 | From the previous syllabus. From a summary of a company’s cash book, asks for the adjustments required in the cash bo... | |
| Q3 | 20 | From the previous syllabus. Asks for the gain or loss on disposal of plant and an old car (5 marks) and the IAS 16 sc... | |
| Q5 | 14 | From the previous syllabus. Asks for seven advantages of a limited liability company over a sole proprietorship. | |
| Q6 | 10 | From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain five elements of financial statements. Learn the definitions from the... |
Objective questions Section A
From the previous syllabus. Asks which measure of inventory is acceptable, what IAS 2 deals with, why inventory is written down to net realisable value, whether a change from FIFO to weighted average is a change in estimate, and what IAS 2 does not require to be disclosed.
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Inventory valuation (IAS 2): FIFO, weighted average and NRV › The IAS 2 ruleFrom the previous syllabus. Both ask for the effect of a reduction in the allowance for doubtful debts.
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Bad debts and the allowance for doubtful debts › The allowance for doubtful debtsFrom the previous syllabus. Asks for the equation that calculates a sole trader’s profit, and, in the repeated item, the profit when opening capital is ₦225,000, closing capital ₦260,000 and drawings ₦10,000.
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Incomplete records: statement of affairs and the capital method › The accounting equation and profitFrom the previous syllabus. Gives a partnership profit shared in a ratio, and a minimum profit share guaranteed to one partner by the others. Asks for a partner’s share after the guarantee.
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Partnership accounts: profit sharing, capital and current accounts › Sharing the profitFrom the previous syllabus. Gives opening and closing inventory, purchases and a profit margin of 5%, and asks for the gross profit.
From the previous syllabus. Asks for the sales from a gross margin of 40%, the profit on a sale at a 20% mark-up, and the gross profit from a profit margin of 5%.
From the previous syllabus. Question 14 asks for gross profit from opening inventory, closing inventory, purchases and a 5% margin. Question 19 asks which items are deducted from goods available for sale to reach cost of sales.
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Ratio analysis: profitability and efficiency › Margin and mark-upIncomplete records: margins, control accounts and missing figures › Margin, mark-up and cost structuresInventory: year-end adjustments, periodic and perpetual systems › The periodic inventory methodFrom the previous syllabus. Asks which of four changes are changes in accounting estimates, including a change in useful life, a change in the allowance for doubtful receivables, a move from cost to revaluation and a move from FIFO to weighted average.
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IAS 8: accounting policies, estimates and prior-year errors › Accounting policiesFrom the previous syllabus. Question 17 of May 2021 asks what is not disclosed when expenses are analysed by nature (gross profit). Question 19 of May 2023 asks for the tax charge from an opening liability, current tax, an under-estimate and tax paid.
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Company statement of profit or loss and income tax (IAS 12) › The ideas in more depthFrom the previous syllabus. Asks for the total dividends paid from issued and paid-up capital of ₦376,000 in shares of 50 kobo, a share premium of ₦234,000 and a dividend of 16 kobo a share.
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Share capital: issue of shares, rights, bonus issues and changes in equity › DividendsFrom the previous syllabus. Both ask how rent paid in advance and rent received in advance are classified.
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Prepaid expenses and unearned income › Unearned incomeTheory questions Written questions
From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain seven concepts at 2 marks each: going concern, consistency of presentation, accrual, fair presentation, substance over form, prudence and materiality.
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Accounting concepts, recognition and measurement › Accounting concepts at a glanceFrom the previous syllabus. From a summary of a company’s cash book, asks for the adjustments required in the cash book (5 marks) and a reconciliation statement starting from an overdrawn statement balance (5 marks). Part (b) belongs to the errors and suspense topics.
From the previous syllabus. A suspense balance of ₦5,500,000 and five errors. Asks for journal entries to rectify them.
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Bank reconciliation statement and the adjusted cash book › Reconciliation when the account is overdrawnCorrection of errors in the books › Correcting errorsFrom the previous syllabus. Asks for the gain or loss on disposal of plant and an old car (5 marks) and the IAS 16 schedule of movement for the year (15 marks). A similar Super Limited question is November 2017 Question 6.
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Disposal and revaluation of property, plant and equipment › Gain or loss on disposalFrom the previous syllabus. Asks for seven advantages of a limited liability company over a sole proprietorship.
From the previous syllabus. Asks you to outline four uses of source documents in producing financial information.
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What is accounting? Business, objectives and users › Forms of business entityBooks of prime entry, sales and purchases › Source documentsFrom the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain five elements of financial statements. Learn the definitions from the table in this topic. The measurement models in part (a)(ii) belong to the next topic.
From the previous syllabus. Asks you to state four models of measurement of the elements of financial statements.
From the previous syllabus. Asks for the cost of plastic buckets sold under FIFO, from opening inventory, production costs and fixed overheads absorbed on normal capacity.
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IASB Conceptual Framework and qualitative characteristics › The elements of financial statementsAccounting concepts, recognition and measurement › Measurement basesInventory valuation (IAS 2): FIFO, weighted average and NRV › Cost formulas: FIFO and weighted averageNovember 2021 diet
8 objective and 5 theory| No. | Section | Marks | Covers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | 20 | From the previous syllabus. A statement overdraft and a cash book credit balance with a list of unpresented cheques a... | |
| Q3 | 20 | From the previous syllabus. A company final accounts question where the directors recommend a transfer of ₦15,000,000... | |
| Q4 | From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain cash, accrual and break-up bases and to state four limitations of the... | ||
| Q5 | 20 | From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain inventories (3 marks), the costs included (8 marks) and excluded (4 m... | |
| Q6 | 20 | From the previous syllabus. Asks for five IAS 16 disclosures (10 marks), then the gain or loss on a car taken in part... |
Objective questions Section A
From the previous syllabus. Asks where the credit entry appears when vehicles are bought for cash. The same item appears in both diets.
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Double entry bookkeeping, journal entries and ledger accounts › Cash, bank and the common transactionsFrom the previous syllabus. Question 5 asks what an item credited on the bank statement but not yet recorded in the cash book is. Question 15 asks which item should not be added to or subtracted from the cash book balance to find the adjusted bank balance.
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Bank reconciliation statement and the adjusted cash book › The adjusted cash bookFrom the previous syllabus. Asks which costs are included in or excluded from the cost of inventories under IAS 2, such as selling costs, conversion costs and carriage inwards.
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Inventory valuation (IAS 2): FIFO, weighted average and NRV › What goes into costFrom the previous syllabus. Asks what is true of the totals of discount allowed and discount received in a cash book. The same item appears in both diets.
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Cash book and banking procedures › Two-column and three-column cash booksFrom the previous syllabus. Asks the entry when a sole trader takes goods for personal use, the basic features of the single-entry system, and the best description of incomplete records.
From the previous syllabus. Asks which item should not be added to or subtracted from the cash book balance to find the adjusted bank balance. Value added tax charges is one of the options.
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Incomplete records: statement of affairs and the capital method › The ideas in more depthVAT in Nigeria and how to account for it › Accounting entries for VATFrom the previous syllabus. Asks what two partnerships combining is called, how goodwill is found from several years of profit, and when goodwill can be valued in a partnership.
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Changes in partnership: admission, retirement and goodwill › GoodwillFrom the previous syllabus for the first three. Each asks which fundamental accounting concept is complied with when adjustments are made for prepaid and accrued expenses. The answer is the accruals concept.
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Accrued expenses and accrued income › The accruals conceptFrom the previous syllabus. Asks for the equation that calculates a sole trader’s profit, and, in the repeated item, the profit when opening capital is ₦225,000, closing capital ₦260,000 and drawings ₦10,000.
From the previous syllabus. Asks which of five items is not a liability. The same item appears in both diets.
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Incomplete records: statement of affairs and the capital method › The accounting equation and profitThe accounting equation and business transactions › The accounting equationTheory questions Written questions
From the previous syllabus. A statement overdraft and a cash book credit balance with a list of unpresented cheques and other items. Asks for an adjusted cash book (9 marks), a reconciliation statement (7 marks) and two reasons for regular reconciliation (4 marks). The same question appears in both diets.
From the previous syllabus. Company final accounts questions that state that provisions are to be made for directors’ fees of ₦6,000,000 and audit fees of ₦2,500,000. You charge them as expenses and credit a provision or accrued expense.
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Bank reconciliation statement and the adjusted cash book › Reconciliation when the account is overdrawnProvisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets (IAS 37) › The ideas in more depthFrom the previous syllabus. A company final accounts question where the directors recommend a transfer of ₦15,000,000 to general reserves and a 5% dividend on ordinary share capital.
From the previous syllabus. Asks for the statement of profit or loss of a limited company from a trial balance and a given gross profit, ignoring taxation, with depreciation, provisions and a recommended transfer to reserves.
From the previous syllabus. Asks for the statement of financial position of a limited company after a transfer of ₦15,000,000 to general reserves and a 5% dividend recommended by the directors, ignoring tax.
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Share capital: issue of shares, rights, bonus issues and changes in equity › DividendsCompany statement of profit or loss and income tax (IAS 12) › The layout, with expenses by functionCompany statement of financial position › Equity, loan notes and preference sharesFrom the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain cash, accrual and break-up bases and to state four limitations of the cash basis. The same question appears in both diets.
From the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain to a business owner how a petty cash book operates. The same question appears in both diets.
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FRC Nigeria, bases of accounting and elements of financial statements › Bases of accountingPetty cash book and the imprest system › Controlling petty cashFrom the previous syllabus. Asks you to explain inventories (3 marks), the costs included (8 marks) and excluded (4 marks), then to calculate the cost of imported and local raw materials and the cost per unit of finished product (5 marks).
From the previous syllabus. A partnership shares profit in a ratio after salaries to each partner. Asks for the statement of profit or loss and appropriation, with a new partner admitted during the year on a pro rata time basis, and the partners’ current accounts.
From the previous syllabus. A new partner is admitted during the year on stated terms. Asks for the profit or loss and appropriation account for the year, on a pro rata time basis, and the partners’ current accounts.
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Inventory valuation (IAS 2): FIFO, weighted average and NRV › What goes into costPartnership accounts: profit sharing, capital and current accounts › Sharing the profitChanges in partnership: admission, retirement and goodwill › Admitting a new partnerFrom the previous syllabus. Asks for five IAS 16 disclosures (10 marks), then the gain or loss on a car taken in part-exchange (2 marks) and the motor vehicles, accumulated depreciation and disposal accounts (8 marks). The same question appears in both diets.