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ICAN Financial Reporting Notes

Financial Reporting is where you learn to prepare company accounts under IFRS. All 69 topics follow the ICAN syllabus in order, each with detailed notes, worked examples, exam tips and practice questions. Read them free.

Topics in ICAN Financial Reporting

Read them in order or jump to the one you need.

Topics in ICAN Financial Reporting, grouped by syllabus section
No.TopicRead
Conceptual and legal frameworks for financial reporting6 topics10% of marks
1The regulatory framework: IASB, IFRS adoption and FRC NigeriaRead note
2The legal framework: CAMA 2020 and sector regulatorsRead note
3Reporting frameworks for specialised, not-for-profit and public sector entitiesRead note
4The Conceptual Framework (i): objective, users and qualitative characteristicsRead note
5The Conceptual Framework (ii): elements, recognition, measurement and capital maintenanceRead note
6Accounting bases, going concern and fair presentationRead note
Accounting standards and policies for specific transactions30 topics15% of marks
7IAS 16 (i): recognition, cost and depreciation of property, plant and equipmentRead note
8IAS 16 (ii): revaluation, derecognition and disclosureRead note
9IAS 20: government grants and government assistanceRead note
10IAS 23: borrowing costsRead note
11IAS 40: investment propertyRead note
12IFRS 5: non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operationsRead note
13IFRS 16 (i): identifying a lease, definitions and exemptionsRead note
14IFRS 16 (ii): lessee accounting, the right-of-use asset and the lease liabilityRead note
15IAS 38 (i): recognising intangible assets and internally generated costsRead note
16IAS 38 (ii): measurement after recognition, amortisation and disclosureRead note
17IAS 36 (i): impairment indicators, recoverable amount and impairment lossRead note
18IAS 36 (ii): cash-generating units and goodwillRead note
19IAS 2: inventoriesRead note
20IFRS 15 (i): the five-step model, contracts and performance obligationsRead note
21IFRS 15 (ii): transaction price and allocationRead note
22IFRS 15 (iii): satisfying performance obligations, contract costs and specific casesRead note
23IAS 37: provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assetsRead note
24IAS 10: events after the reporting periodRead note
25IAS 24: related party disclosuresRead note
26IAS 12 (i): current tax and temporary differencesRead note
27IAS 12 (ii): deferred tax recognition, measurement and disclosureRead note
28IFRS 13: fair value measurementRead note
29IFRS 9 (i): classification and measurement of financial assetsRead note
30IFRS 9 (ii): financial liabilities, amortised cost and derecognitionRead note
31IFRS 9 (iii): simple expected credit lossRead note
32IAS 32 and IFRS 7: presentation and disclosure, including share issuesRead note
33IAS 33 (i): basic earnings per shareRead note
34IAS 33 (ii): diluted earnings per share and presentationRead note
35IAS 21 (i): foreign currency transactionsRead note
36IAS 21 (ii): translating financial statements and reporting exchange differencesRead note
Preparation of single entity financial statements10 topics20% of marks
37IAS 8: accounting policies, changes in estimates and errorsRead note
38IAS 1 (i): components, general features and the statement of financial positionRead note
39IAS 1 (ii): profit or loss and OCI, changes in equity and notesRead note
40IFRS 18: categories, subtotals and management-defined performance measuresRead note
41Company financial statements from a trial balance (i): technique and adjustmentsRead note
42Company financial statements from a trial balance (ii): revaluation, tax, share issues and held-for-sale itemsRead note
43IAS 7 (i): format and the indirect methodRead note
44IAS 7 (ii): working capital adjustments and the direct methodRead note
45IAS 7 (iii): investing and financing activitiesRead note
46Value added statement and five-year financial summaryRead note
Financial statements of a simple group10 topics20% of marks
47Groups: control, IFRS 10, IAS 27 and exemptionsRead note
48IFRS 3: goodwill and non-controlling interestRead note
49The consolidated statement of financial position (i): basic approach and double entryRead note
50The consolidated statement of financial position (ii): fair values, unrealised profit and intra-group itemsRead note
51The consolidated statement of profit or loss and OCI (i): basic approachRead note
52The consolidated statement of profit or loss and OCI (ii): complicationsRead note
53Associates and joint ventures (i): the IAS 28 equity method in the financial positionRead note
54Associates and joint ventures (ii): profit or loss and IFRS 11Read note
55The consolidated statement of cash flows of a simple groupRead note
56Group disclosures, management commentary and IFRS in group scenariosRead note
Analysis and interpretation of financial statements6 topics15% of marks
57Financial analysis (i): purpose, return and profitability ratiosRead note
58Financial analysis (ii): working capital efficiency and liquidity ratiosRead note
59Financial analysis (iii): solvency, gearing and investors’ ratiosRead note
60Interpreting performance and writing the analysis reportRead note
61EPS and cash flow information in assessing performance and liquidityRead note
62Limitations of financial analysis: window dressing, creative accounting, groups and specialised entitiesRead note
Sustainability reporting framework4 topics10% of marks
63From social and environmental accounting to sustainability reportingRead note
64GRI, SASB and the NGX sustainability reporting guidelinesRead note
65The ISSB and IFRS S1: general requirementsRead note
66IFRS S1 and S2 adoption in Nigeria: the FRC roadmap and readiness submissionsRead note
Ethics, current and technological developments3 topics10% of marks
67Ethics in financial reporting and the professional codeRead note
68Current issues and new accounting standardsRead note
69Technology in financial reporting: cloud, digital assets, blockchain and AIRead note

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About ICAN Financial Reporting Notes

These are the 69 Financial Reporting topics, in teaching order, across 7 syllabus sections. The first note is “The regulatory framework” and the last is “Technology in financial reporting”. Reading them all takes about 15 hours. At an hour a day, that is about 2 weeks.

What you will learn
  • Explain the IASB, IFRS adoption, CAMA 2020 and the rules behind financial reporting (10% of marks)
  • Apply IFRS to revenue, leases, financial instruments, property, inventory and tax (15% of marks)
  • Prepare a full set of company financial statements, including cash flows (20% of marks)
  • Consolidate the financial statements of a parent and its subsidiaries (20% of marks)
  • Calculate ratios and judge the performance and position of a company (15% of marks)
  • Explain the IFRS sustainability disclosure standards and what they require (10% of marks)
  • Apply ethics, and explain how technology is changing financial reporting (10% of marks)
What ICAN asks most

These topics came up most often in the Pathfinder past questions mapped to these notes. A question that covers several topics counts for each one. Start here if you are short on time.

  1. IAS 16 (ii): revaluation, derecognition and disclosure 6 questions
  2. The Conceptual Framework (i): objective, users and qualitative characteristics 5 questions
  3. IAS 16 (i): recognition, cost and depreciation of property, plant and equipment 5 questions
  4. IAS 2: inventories 5 questions
  5. The regulatory framework: IASB, IFRS adoption and FRC Nigeria 4 questions

Frequently asked Questions about Financial Reporting

What is ICAN Financial Reporting?

Preparing and presenting financial statements under accounting standards. It is a Skills level paper.

Are the Financial Reporting notes free?

Yes. All 69 topics are free to read online. You pay only to keep them as PDF and Word, which come in the course pack with the full question bank and marking guides.

Do the notes cover IFRS 18 and the sustainability standards?

Yes. IFRS 18 and the IFRS sustainability disclosure standards both have notes. Sustainability reporting carries 10% of marks, and the financial statements of a simple group carry 20%.

How many topics are in Financial Reporting?

There are 69 topics in 7 syllabus sections, in teaching order. Each has a summary, worked examples, exam tips and practice questions.

Which section carries the most marks in Financial Reporting?

Two sections tie at 20% of marks each, so none dominates. Spread your time across all of them.

Can I practise with past questions?

Yes. Every topic has ICAN-style practice questions with marking guides. Where past ICAN questions exist, a Pathfinder section lists them by diet and year, so you can try the real thing.

What mark do I need to pass Financial Reporting?

ICAN papers are normally passed with 50%. Confirm the current rule on the official ICAN portal, because the Institute can change it.

Are the notes up to date?

They follow the ICAN Skills level syllabus, so they are the same for every diet. Found a mistake? Tap Tell us on any topic and we will check it.

Are these notes from ICAN?

No. Accountants.ng is independent of ICAN. ICAN publishes the official syllabus, study text and past papers, so use our notes alongside them.

How do I study Financial Reporting without getting overwhelmed?

Take one topic at a time. Read it, try the practice questions, then check the marking guide. Move through the sections in order, and give extra time to the sections with more marks.